Chloramines are formed by the addition of chlorine and which other chemical?

Chloramines are a type of disinfectant that result from the chemical reaction between chlorine and ammonia. This process occurs when chlorine is added to water that contains ammonia, leading to the formation of chloramines, which can include compounds such as monochloramine, dichloramine, and trichloramine. Chloramines are often used in water treatment processes as a more stable alternative to free chlorine, providing prolonged disinfection effects and reducing the formation of harmful disinfection byproducts.

In water treatment facilities, the use of chloramines can help maintain water quality throughout the distribution system because they are less reactive and persist longer than free chlorine. This makes chloramines particularly effective for ensuring safe water delivery over longer distances and treatment times.

The other options, such as chlorine dioxide, fluoride, and nitrate, do not participate in the formation of chloramines and serve different purposes in water treatment. Chlorine dioxide is primarily used for its oxidizing properties and does not combine with ammonia to form disinfectants. Fluoride is added to water for dental health benefits and does not react to form chloramines. Nitrate is a common contaminant and is not involved in the formation of chloramines.