Coagulation is influenced by which of the following factors?

Coagulation is a critical process in water treatment that involves the aggregation of particles to form larger flocs, which can subsequently be removed from the water. The correct choice identifies turbidity, pH, and temperature as significant factors influencing coagulation.

Turbidity refers to the cloudiness or haziness of a fluid caused by large numbers of individual particles that are generally invisible to the naked eye. High turbidity can impact the effectiveness of coagulation since it indicates the presence of numerous particles that need to be destabilized and aggregated.

pH is another essential factor in coagulation as it affects the charge of the particles. A proper pH range is necessary to optimize the performance of coagulants. If the pH is too high or too low, the coagulant may not work effectively, and the particles may not successfully aggregate.

Temperature also plays a role because it influences the kinetic energy of the particles in suspension. Warmer temperatures can lead to increased molecular movement, which may enhance the aggregation of particles until they reach a size that can be removed from the liquid.

The other options mentioned do not encompass all the factors that impact coagulation effectively. While particle size and shape are relevant to the physical characteristics of the particles being treated, they